🌟 MUST READ DEFINTIONS
🔸FACEMASK: An extra-oral appliance, commonly used in Class III malocclusion, that uses anchorage from the chin and forehead to place anterior forces on the maxillary dentition and/or maxilla.
🔸FIXED APPLIANCE: An appliance that is cemented or bonded onto the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient.
🔸FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE: A removable or fixed appliance, usually used in Class II malocclusion, which alters the posture of the mandible, causing stretching of the facial soft tissues, to produce a combination of dental and skeletal changes.
🔸FUNCTIONAL MATRIX THEORY: A theory of facial growth suggesting that skeletal growth is determined by the functional spaces and soft tissues associated with any skeletal unit.
🔸FRENUM: A fold of mucous membrane and underlying fibrous tissue.
🔸GENIOPLASTY: An orthognathic procedure undertaken to reposition the bony chin point anteroposteriorly, vertically and/or transversely.
🔸GROWTH ROTATION: A rotation of the core of the mandible and maxilla in relationship to the cranial base that occurs with normal growth. Growth rotations are commonly described as being clockwise (backwards)or anti-clockwise (forwards).
🔸HEADGEAR: An extra-oral appliance using cervical or cranial anchorage to apply forces to the teeth or jaws for tooth movement or growth modification, respectively.
🔸HYALINIZATION: A term used to describe the loss of cells from an area as seen by a light microscope.
🔸HYPODONTIA: The developmental absence of one or more teeth excluding the third molars.
🔸IMPACTION: Failure of a tooth to erupt due to insufficient space or an obstruction, ectopic positioning or pathology.
🔸IMBRICATION: Overlapping of the incisors due to crowding.
🔸INCLINATION: The labiolingual or buccolingual angulation of the long axis of a tooth in relationship to a line drawn perpendicular to the occlusal plane (compared to angulation).
🔸INCOMPETENT LIPS: Where excessive muscular activity is required to achieve an anterior lip seal with the mandible in the rest position.
🔸INCOMPLETE OVERBITE: The lower incisors do not contact the uppers or the palatal mucosa when the teeth are in occlusion.
🔸INFORMED CONSENT: The process of providing the patient, or parent in the case of children, with relevant information regarding the treatment options, their relative advantages and disadvantages and the consequences of no treatment.
🔸INFRAOCCLUSION: The positioning of a tooth below the occlusal plane.
🔸INTERFERENCE(occlusal): An occlusal contact occurring during mandibular closure from centric relation into centric occlusion that results in a mandibular displacement.
🔸INTERMAXILLARY: Between the dental arches.
🔸INTERMAXILLARY SPACE: The space between the upper and lower dental arches with the mandible in the rest position.
🔸INTERPROXIMAL ENAMEL REDUCTION: The removal of interproximal enamel for space creation.
🔸INTRAMAXILLARY: Within the same dental arch.
🔸LABIAL SEGMENT: The incisor teeth.
🔸LEEWAY SPACE: The difference between the combined width of the deciduous canine, first and second molar in each quadrant and their successors.
🔸LE FORT OETEOTOMY: A surgical maxillary procedure, in which the maxilla is osteotomised just above the tooth apices, used to advance or vertically reposition the maxilla.
🔸LEVELLING: A stage of orthodontic treatment aimed at flattening the curve of Spee for overbite reduction.
🔸LINGUAL ARCH: A mandibular fixed anchorage reinforcing appliance, consisting of a wire soldered onto the first molar bands extending anteriorly to contact the lingual surface of the incisors, which effectively maintains arch length.
🔸LOWER ANTERIOR FACIAL HEIGHT: The soft tissue lower anterior face height is the linear distance between subnasale and gnathion. The hard tissue lower anterior facial height is the linear distance between the maxillary plane and menton.
