📌 POINTS TO PONDER
🔸Common age changes in all periodontal tissues:
- Narrowing of vessel lumen
- Thickening of vessel walls
- Loss of cellularity
- Increasing fibrosis
👉 VARIOUS AGE CHANGES OF PERIODONTIUM
- Gingiva: Stippling usually disappears with age. The width of the attached gingiva increases with age
🔸Gingival epithelium: Aging results in:
- Thinning and decreased keratinization
- Rete pegs flatten
- Migration of junctional epithelium to more apical position
- Reduced oxygen consumption.
🔸Gingival connective tissue: Aging results in:
- Increased rate of conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen
- Increased mechanical strength of collagen
- Increased denaturing temperature of collagen
- Decreased rate of synthesis of collagen
- Greater collagen content.
2. Periodontal ligament:
- Decreased number of fibroblasts
- More irregular structures
- Decrease organic matrix production
- Decrease epithelial cell rests of Malassez
- Increased amount of elastic fibers.
3. Cementum:
- Increase in cemental width
- Decrease in permeability.
4. Alveolar Bone:
- Bone undergoes osteoporosis with aging
- Reduction in bone metabolism
- Decreased vascularity
- Decreased healing capacity
- Ability of alveolar bone to withstand occlusalforces decreases after the age of 30.
📌 VIVA VOCE
Q1. What happens to the stippling with age?
Ans. Stippling usually disappears with age.
Q2. What is the effect of aging on the width of the attached gingiva?
Ans. Width of the attached gingiva increases with age.
Q3. What are the effects of aging on periodontal ligament?
Ans. Number of fibroblasts and epithelial cell rests of Malassez decreases with age.
Q4. What are the effects of aging on cementum?
Ans. Cemental width increases whereas permeability decreases with age.
Q5. What is the most obvious change in the teeth with aging?
Ans. Loss of tooth substance caused by the attrition.
Q6. What are the effects of aging on junctional epithelium?
Ans. Junctional epithelium migrates to more apical position.
Q7. What are the effects of aging on alveolar bone?
Ans. Bone undergoes osteoporosis with aging.
Q8. Does supragingival plaque show any qualitative differences of plaque composition between young and older individuals?
Ans. No.
Q9. What happens to rete pegs with age?
Ans. Flattening of rete pegs occurs with age.
Q10. What are the effects of aging on perio pathogens?
Ans. Ecological shift occurs in certain periodontal pathogens with age, an increased role of Porphyromonas gingivalis and a decreased role of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
📌 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MCQs
💡With the increase in age; keratinization of gingiva:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains the same
D. Increases and then decreases
Answer : B
💡 With aging, the solubility of the collagen in gingival connective tissue:
A. Increases
B.Decreases
C. Remains constant
D.First increase then decrease
Answer : B
💡 Which of the following fibers increases with age inperiodontal ligament?
A. Type I collagen
B. Type II collagen
C. Elastic fibers
D. Oxytalan fibers
Answer : C
💡 Which of the following organism’s role is decreasedwith age:
A. P.gingivalis
B. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
C. F. nucleatum
D. P. intermedia
Answer : B
💡The width of the attached gingiva with age
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. No change
D. None of the above
Answer : A