TOPIC: PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 A general rule for working end selection is that the lower shank should be parallel to the surface to be instrumented. 🔹 Instruments with straight shank are used in anteriors and premolars whereas instruments with contra-angle are used on posterior teeth. 🔹 Chisel is the only instrument […]
TOPIC: ACUTE GINGIVAL CONDITIONS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a tender and infectious gingival disease involving mainly the interdental and marginal gingiva. 🔹In NUG, the zone between the marginal necrosis and the relatively unaffected gingiva usually exhibits a well- demarcated narrow erythematous zone, sometimes referred to as the linear erythema. 🔹Patient with pericoronitis […]
TOPIC: GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔸 Gingival conditions/diseases that mainly involve interdental papilla and gingival margin are gingival abscess, NUG, linear gingival erythema and drug- induced gingival enlargement. 🔸 Gingival ulcers are usually seen in NUG, herpes simplex virus stomatitis, aphthae, self-injury, malignant neoplasms, drugs, dermatoses, systemic diseases (hematological disorders, tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes […]
TOPIC: GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells causing the increase in the size of the tissues. 🔹Hyperplasia is an increase in number of cells in a tissue thus, contributing to an overall increase in the size. 🔹Gingival hyperplasia is caused mainly by an increase in the […]
TOPIC: PATHOGENESIS & HOST RESPONSE 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 Systemic diseases associated with neutrophil disorders and periodontal diseases are diabetes mellitus, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, Down syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, drug induced agranulocytosis, cyclic neutropenia and leukocyte adhesion deficiency. 🔹Periodontal diseases with neutrophil disorders areNUG, localized aggressive periodontitis and refractory periodontitis. 🔹Chemokine paralysis: P. gingivalis impedes transepithelial […]
TOPIC: IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Pan-receptor defect: It is the defect in which all chemotaxin receptors are decreased. It is seen in localized aggressive periodontitis which is characterized by a decrease in chemotactic responses to a variety of chemotactic factors, including C5a, FMLP (formyl peptide) and leukotriene B4. 🔹CD, i.e, cluster of […]
TOPIC: DENTAL CALCULUS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Reversal phenomenon is the decline from maximal calculus accumulation. It is due to vulnerability of bulky calculus to mechanical wear from food, cheeks, lips and tongue. 🔹Calculus can also occur readily in germ free animals. 🔹Calculocementum is the calculus embedded deeply in the cementum and which appears morphologically similar […]
TOPIC: DENTAL PLAQUE 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔺Dental plaque can be defined as the soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable and fixed restorations. 🔺Dental plaque is broadly classified as supragingival, subgingival or peri-implant plaque based on its position on the tooth […]
TOPIC: CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES 📌 POINTS TO PONDER ➡️ Main features of AAP 1999 classification system are as follows: 🔹Addition of gingival disease component: Comprehensive section of gingival diseases is included in this classification. 🔹Replacement of adult periodontitis with chronic periodontitis: There is replacement of the term “adult periodontitis” with chronic periodontitis, since epidemiological […]
TOPIC:GINGIVA 📌POINTS TO PONDER GINGIVA 🔸It is the part of mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. 🔸A modern definition states that it is the fibrous investing tissue covered by keratinized epithelium that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and the mucosal […]
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