🔹Causes of excessive bleeding during surgery include laceration of large blood vessels, incomplete removal of granulation tissue, hypertensive patient, bleeding disorder patient and patient on anticoagulant therapy.
🔹 If the surrounding tissue blanches, however, the suture is too tight, which may cause necrosis because of poor vascularization.
🔹 Hemostasis should be achieved before, and not by, the application of a dressing. The only clear indication for a dressing is to achieve tissue stasis, such as with a free mucosal graft, or to protect a clot over bone in the interdental denudation technique. Application of dressing is a matter of individual preference.
🔹 The possible outcomes of surgical periodontal therapy are: Regeneration, new attachment, long junctional epithelium, root resorption or ankylosis and recurrence of pocket.
📣 Classification of periodontal surgery:
A. Pocket reduction surgery:
🔺Resective: Gingivectomy, apically displaced flap and undisplaced flap with or without osseous resection.
🔺Regenerative: Flaps with grafts and membranes.
B. Correction of anatomic/morphologic defects:
🔺Plastic surgery techniques to widen attached gingiva:
– Epithelial grafts
– Connective tissue grafts
🔺Esthetic surgery:
– Root coverage
– Recreation of gingival papillae
🔺Preprosthetic surgery techniques:
– Crown lengthening
– Ridge augmentation
– Vestibular deepening
🔺Placement of dental implants:
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