Q1. Define Syringe.
Ans. It is the vehicle where by the contents of the anesthetic cartridge are delivered through the needle to the patient.
Q2. Classify individual composition of local anesthetic solution.
Ans.
- Local anesthetic 2%
- Adrenaline 1:80000 (Vasoconstrictor)
- Methylparaben- 1 mg (preservative)
- Thymol -20 mg (Fungicidal)
- Sodium metabisul phite-0.5 mg (reducing agent)
- Sodium chloride-6 mg (isotonicity)
- Ringer solution (vehicle)
Q3. How many milligrams of Local anesthesia is present in a normal cartridge?
Ans. 1.8 ml (36 mg)
Q4. Classify different types of syringes available in dentistry.
Ans.
- Non-disposable syringes:
- Breech loading metallic-cartridge type aspirating.
- Breech loading plastic, cartridge type aspirating.
- Breech-loading metallic, cartridge type self aspirating.
- Pressure syringe for periodontal injection.
- Jet injector needle
- Disposable syringes.
- Safety syringes.
- Computer control local anesthetic delivery systems.
Q5. What are the ideal requirements of syringe?
Ans.
- They must be durable and with stand repeated sterilization without damage.
- They should be capable of accepting a wide variety of cartridges and needles of different manufacture of permit repeated use.
- They should be in expensive, Self-contained, Light weight simple to use with one hand.
- They should provide for effective aspiration.
Q6. Define Needle.
Ans. Needle is a device that permits the movement of any solution from bevel of the cartridge into the tissues surrounding the needle tip.
Q7. What are the parts of the needle?
Ans.
- Bevel.
- Shaft.
- Hub
- Syringe adaptor.
Q8. Define Gauge.
Ans. Gauge refers to the diameter of the lumen of the needle. The smaller the number greater the diameter of the lumen.
- 25- Gauge long (conventional)
- 27- Gauge long (conventional)
- 27- Gauge short (conventional)
- 28- Gauge long (conventional)
- 28- Gauge short (conventional).
Q9. Classify different types of needle.
Ans.
- Short needle – 20 mm (measured from hub tip)
- Long needle – 32 mm.
Q10. What are the various precautions for needle care?
Ans.
- Needle must never be used on more than one patient.
- Needle should be changed after several tissue penetrations in the same patient.
- Needle should be covered with protective sheath to prevent accidental damage.
- Needle must be properly disposed after use.
Q11. Define barb needle.
Ans. Barb needle or fish hook may be produced by manufacturing process, it is much more likely to develop when the needle tip forcefully contacts a hard surface such as bone.
Q12. Define dental cartridge.
Ans. The dental cartridge is a gas cylinder containing the local anesthetic drug among other ingredients. The dental cartridge is by common usage referred to as a ‘carpule’ by dental professionals. It is a registered trade name for dental cartridge prepared by cook dental laboratories who introduced dentistry in 1920.
Q13. Define infiltration anesthesia. (supraperiosteal injection).
Ans. A procedure where anesthesia is achieved by depositing the solution at terminal branches of the nerve endings. The area into which the diffusion takes place will be insensitive to pain.
Q14. Define topical anesthesia.
Ans. A procedure by which anesthetic agent is applied to the terminal nerve endings in the mucosa.
Q15. Define field block.
Ans. In this procedure local anesthetic solution is deposited near the larger terminal nerve branches so the anesthetized area will be circumscribed preventing the passage of impulses from the tooth to the central nervous system.