The congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth is known as:• hypodontia• oligodontia• diphyodontia• anodontia Answer Key : oligodontia Two forms of anodontia:1. Complete true: is a rare condition in which all of the teeth are missing. It may involve both the primary and permanent dentitions. It is usually associated with hereditaryectodermal dysplasia. 2. […]
Q1. Radiographs of a preschool child with________ will show obliteration of the pulp chambers with secondary dentin, a characteristic finding. amelogenesis imperfecta dentinogenesis imperfecta fluorosis enamel hypoplasia Answer Key: Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) : It is an autosomal dominant trait, its frequency of occurrence is about I in 8000. This inherited dentin defect originates […]
PHARMACOLOGY : Pharmacology is the science dealing with drugs.(Greek: Pharmacon—drug; logos—discourse in). It deals with interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules (drugs) with living systems, and any chemical substance which can produce a biological response is a ‘drug.’ It is divided into several branches like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, chemotherapy and toxicology etc. Pharmacokinetics : (body […]
HISTORY OF PHARMACALOGY Oswald Schmiedberg – Father of Pharmacology Col. Ramnath Chopra – Father of Indian Pharmacology Sir James Black – Father of Modern Pharmacology Clark – Gave Theory of drug action based on occupation of receptors by specific drugs. Otto Loewi – Direct proof of transmission across nerve junctions to be mediated by […]
Q.1. Define vitamins. Ans. Vitamins have been defined as organic compounds occurring in natural foods either as such or as utilizable “precursors”, which are required in minute amounts for normal growth, maintenance and reproduction, for normal nutrition and health. Q.2. How the name vitamin derived? Ans. The first vitamin isolated from rice polishing was found […]
ENDODONTIC EMERGENCIES DEFINITION : 🔸 Endodontic emergencies are usually associated with pain or swelling or both and require immediate diagnosis and treatment. 🔸Emergencies are usually caused by pathoses in the pulp or periapical tissues. 🔸 Emergencies include luxation, avulsion, or fractures of the hard tissues. CATEGORIES : – Pretreatment : a) Patients usually present with […]
Q.1. What are lipids? Define. Ans. The lipids are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds present in plant and animal tissues and related either actually or potentially to the fatty acids and chemically they are various types of esters of different alcohols. Q.2. What are Bloor’s criteria for a substance to be called a lipids? […]
Q.1. What is an antigen? Ans. Antigen is a substance which when introduced into an animal can induce a detectable immune response, which may be humoral, cellular or both. Q.2. What is the nature of an antigen? Ans. Most antigens are macromolecules of proteins though synthetic polypeptides and certain synthetic polymers like polyvinyl pyrolidone are […]
Q.1. What are enzymes? Ans. Enzymes are biocatalysts, which are heat-labile, soluble proteins produced by living cells and are highly specific in their action. They are colloidal in nature and may contain a non-protein moiety (co-enzyme or prosthetic group). Q.2. What are the similarities of enzyme (biocatalysts) with chemical inorganic catalysts? Ans. Enzymes (biocatalysts) share some […]
Q.1. What is oxidation? Ans. Oxidation is defined as the addition of O2 or removal of hydrogens or removal of electrons. Q.2. What is meant by reduction? Ans. Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons or addition of hydrogen atoms. Q.3. What is the biomedical importance of Biologic oxidation? Ans. To synthesize ATP molecules. […]
