TOPIC: PERIODONTAL POCKET 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Periodontal pocket is pathologically deepened gingival sulcus. 🔹Periodontal pocket is a soft-tissue change, thus can not be detected during radiographic examination. 🔹Biologic/histologic depth is the distance between the gingival margin and base of the pocket (coronal end of the junctional epithelium). 🔹 Clinical/probing depth is the distance between […]
TOPIC: BONE DEFECTS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 1.97 mm ± 33.16% is the distance between apical extent of calculus and alveolar crest. 🔹0.5–2.7 mm is the distance between attached plaque and alveolar bone. 🔹Rate of bone loss depends upon the type of disease present and tooth surface. An average of 0.2 mm/year on facial […]
TOPIC: DEFENSE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Organulocytes are the living PMNs in saliva. 🔹Factors VIII, IX, X, plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) and Hageman factor are the coagulation factors present in saliva. 🔹 The drugs that cause xerostomia are anticholinergics, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinsonian, antidepressants, anti-histamines and antihypertensives. 🔹The 1: 3 ratio is the normal […]
TOPIC: SPLINTING 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 📣 Ideal requirements of splints: 🔹Simple design 🔹Economical 🔹Stable and efficient 🔹Hygienic 🔹Non – irritating to the soft tissues 🔹Aesthetically acceptable 🔹Not provoke iatrogenic disease
TOPIC: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER ✴️ Major difference between standard pen grasp and modified pen grasp: 🔹 In standard pen grasp, the side of the pad of middle finger rests on the shank while in modified pen grasp, the pad of middle finger rests on the shank. 🔹Exploratory stroke is a […]
TOPIC: PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 A general rule for working end selection is that the lower shank should be parallel to the surface to be instrumented. 🔹 Instruments with straight shank are used in anteriors and premolars whereas instruments with contra-angle are used on posterior teeth. 🔹 Chisel is the only instrument […]
TOPIC: ACUTE GINGIVAL CONDITIONS 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a tender and infectious gingival disease involving mainly the interdental and marginal gingiva. 🔹In NUG, the zone between the marginal necrosis and the relatively unaffected gingiva usually exhibits a well- demarcated narrow erythematous zone, sometimes referred to as the linear erythema. 🔹Patient with pericoronitis […]
TOPIC: GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔸 Gingival conditions/diseases that mainly involve interdental papilla and gingival margin are gingival abscess, NUG, linear gingival erythema and drug- induced gingival enlargement. 🔸 Gingival ulcers are usually seen in NUG, herpes simplex virus stomatitis, aphthae, self-injury, malignant neoplasms, drugs, dermatoses, systemic diseases (hematological disorders, tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes […]
TOPIC: GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells causing the increase in the size of the tissues. 🔹Hyperplasia is an increase in number of cells in a tissue thus, contributing to an overall increase in the size. 🔹Gingival hyperplasia is caused mainly by an increase in the […]
TOPIC: PATHOGENESIS & HOST RESPONSE 📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 Systemic diseases associated with neutrophil disorders and periodontal diseases are diabetes mellitus, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, Down syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, drug induced agranulocytosis, cyclic neutropenia and leukocyte adhesion deficiency. 🔹Periodontal diseases with neutrophil disorders areNUG, localized aggressive periodontitis and refractory periodontitis. 🔹Chemokine paralysis: P. gingivalis impedes transepithelial […]
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