TOPIC: INTRODUCTION OF MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS
🎯 KEY POINTS:
🔹Ambroise Pare (1517–1590) was first to close palatal perforations.
🔹Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was famous Danish astronomer who made an artificial nose of gold and silver.
🔹First artificial eye was made of glass in 1579 in Venice.
🔹Pierre Fauchard (1728), considered as the father of modern dentistry, used palatal perforations to retain artificial dentures.
🔹Snell (1823) fabricated gold plate obturator.
🔹Goodyear (1855) developed vulcanite rubber used for improved velar design.
🔹Bulbian (1942) introduced the use of prevulcanized latex for pliable facial prosthetic restoration.
🔹American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics was formed in 1953.
🔹Branemark and associates first placed extraoral implant in the mastoid region to support a bone conduction hearing aid in 1977.
🔹BAHA, i.e. bone-anchored hearing aid, was approved by the Swedish health system in 1988.
🔹Barnhart was first to use silicone rubber for construction and colouring of facial prosthesis.
🔹Magnus Jacobsson described the role of osseointegrated skin-penetrating titanium fixtures used for retaining facial prosthesis.
🔹George Washington springs are preformed springs which are inserted into the upper and lower set of dentures to stabilize them on the ridges during function.
🔹Newer orbital implant materials are polyethylene implants, bioceramic implants and synthetic HA implants.
🔍 DEFINITION:
💡MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHODONTICS: The branch of prosthodontics concerned with the restoration and/or replacement of the stomatognathic and craniofacial structures with prosthesis that may or may not be removed on a regular or elective basis’.(GPT 8th Ed)
💡MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS: Any prosthesis used to replace part or all of any stomatognathic and/or craniofacial structure. (GPT 8thEd)
📌 SPLINT
💡DEFINITION: A rigid or flexible device that maintains in position a displaced or movable part’. (GPT 8th Ed)
📣TYPES OF SPLINT
(i) Gunning splint
(ii) Functional occlusal splint
(iii) Cap splint
(iv) Provisional splint
(v) Interdental splint
(vi) Essig splint
(vii) Kingsley splint
(viii) Resin-bonded splint
(ix) Soft splint
(x) Surgical splint
(xi) Labiolingual splint
(xii) Cast metal splint
📌 STENT
💡 DEFINITION: Any device or mould used to hold a skin graft in place or provide support for anastomosed structures. (GPT 8th Ed)
📌 TYPES OF STENT
i) Antihaemorrhagic stent
(ii) Surgical stent
(iii) Nasal stent
(iv) Radiation stent
(v) Trismus stent
(vi) Occlusal stent
✳️ MATERIAL USED IN FABRICATION OF MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS:
- Acrylic resins
- Acrylic copolymers
- Vinyl polymers and copolymers
- Polyurethane elastomers
- Silicone elastomers – HTV and RTV
🔎 CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS:
🔶 On the Basis of Usage:
(i) Impression materials
- Impression compound
- Irreversible hydrocolloids
- Impression plaster
- Condensation and addition silicones
- Waxes and impression pastes
(ii) Mouldable and sculpting materials
- Modelling clay
- Plaster
- Waxes
- Plastolene
(iii) Definitive materials
- Acrylic resins
- Acrylic copolymers
- Vinyl polymers and copolymers
- Polyurethane elastomers
- Silicone elastomers – heat temperature vulcanizing (HTV) and room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)
- Metal implants