Learn the dangerous areas of the face, scalp, and neck, and why infections here can spread rapidly to deeper structures. High-yield anatomy notes for NEET MDS, MBBS, BDS, USMLE, and entrance exams.
Comprehensive guide to the foramina of the skull — learn their locations, associated cranial fossae, and the important nerves and vessels passing through each. Ideal for dental and medical anatomy students. The skull contains multiple foramina that allow essential nerves and blood vessels to pass between the brain and body. This article lists all major cranial foramina — including the optic canal, foramen ovale, and jugular foramen — with diagrams and mnemonics for easy memorization by dental and medical students.
QUICK REVISION NOTES 📌 MOUTH (ORAL CAVITY) The mouth is the first part of the digestive system, playing a vital role in ingestion, mastication, taste, and speech. 1. Boundaries of Oral Cavity Roof: Hard and soft palate Floor: Tongue and mucosa covering mylohyoid muscle Anterior/Lateral: Lips and cheeks Posterior: Opens into oropharynx (via oropharyngeal isthmus)
TOPIC: ANATOMY OF LARYNX 📌 INTRODUCTION: 🔹The larynx is the voice box – a short, tubular structure involved in phonation, breathing, and protection of lower airways. 🔹Extends from C3 to C6 vertebrae. 🔹Located in the anterior neck, continuous above with the laryngopharynx and below with the trachea. 1. CARTILAGES OF THE LARYNX A. Unpaired Cartilages […]
TOPIC: ANATOMY OF TONGUE 📌INTRODUCTION: The tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity, essential for taste, speech, mastication, deglutition, and oral hygiene. Divided anatomically and developmentally into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3.
TOPIC: NERVE SUPPLY OF HEAD & NECK 📌OVERVIEW 👉 The head and neck region receives motor, sensory, and autonomic innervation from: 12 Cranial nerves (CN I–XII) Cervical spinal nerves (C1–C4) – from cervical plexus Sympathetic chain – cervical part 1️⃣ CRANIAL NERVES INVOLVED A. Sensory Supply Trigeminal nerve (CN V) – main sensory nerve of […]
TOPIC: EMBRYOLOGY – Concise Notes 📌 INTRODUCTION 🔺Embryology is the study of prenatal development – from fertilization to birth. 🔺Divided into: General Embryology – early development (fertilization to trilaminar germ disc) Systemic Embryology – development of organ systems Head & Neck Embryology – especially important for dental students (pharyngeal arches, face, palate, teeth)
TOPIC: VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC SUPPLY OF HEAD & NECK 🔍 VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK 1. Overview 🔹Veins are valveless, interconnected, and accompany arteries. 🔹Classified into: Superficial veins (e.g., facial, retromandibular) Deep veins (e.g., internal jugular vein) 2. Major Veins A. External Jugular Vein (EJV): 🔹Formed by: Posterior auricular vein + Retromandibular vein (posterior […]
TOPIC: MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK – Concise Notes 📌 INTRODUCTION 🔹The muscles of the head and neck perform crucial roles: facial expression, mastication, speech, swallowing, and neck movements. 🔹Classified based on location and function. 🔍 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Supplied by Facial Nerve (CN VII) Located in subcutaneous tissue – insert into skin, not […]
TOPIC: TRIANGLES OF THE NECK – Concise Notes 📌 INTRODUCTION 🔺The neck is divided into triangles for anatomical understanding and surgical reference. 🔺Two main triangles: Anterior triangle Posterior triangle 1. POSTERIOR TRIANGLE ➡️ Boundaries Anterior: Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
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