PERIODONTAL FLAP

📌 POINTS TO PONDER :

🔸 Incisions are either coronally directed incisions (external bevel incision) or apically directed incisions (internal bevel, sulcular incision). 

🔸 Undisplaced flap is considered as internal bevel gingivectomy. Undisplaced flap and gingivectomy procedures surgically remove the pocket wall. 

🔸 Apically positioned flap surgery is one of the most reliable techniques for the elimination of periodontal pockets. 

🔸 The flap without vertical incision is called an envelope flap. 

🔸 The tissue, which is left on the surface of the tooth when the flap is raised, is called the cervical wedge. 

🔸 Neumann flap: Neumann, in 1911, introduced the flap in which the intrasulcular incision was made along with two vertical releasing incisions, a full-thickness flap raised and the area was curetted thoroughly to eliminate all the granulation tissue to prevent reinfection. Root was planed smooth and bone was superficially removed. 

🔸Conventional flap is the flap in which the papilla is split into facial half and lingual or palatal half.