TOPIC: VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC SUPPLY OF HEAD & NECK 🔍 VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEAD & NECK 1. Overview 🔹Veins are valveless, interconnected, and accompany arteries. 🔹Classified into: Superficial veins (e.g., facial, retromandibular) Deep veins (e.g., internal jugular vein) 2. Major Veins A. External Jugular Vein (EJV): 🔹Formed by: Posterior auricular vein + Retromandibular vein (posterior […]
TOPIC: MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK – Concise Notes 📌 INTRODUCTION 🔹The muscles of the head and neck perform crucial roles: facial expression, mastication, speech, swallowing, and neck movements. 🔹Classified based on location and function. 🔍 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Supplied by Facial Nerve (CN VII) Located in subcutaneous tissue – insert into skin, not […]
REVISION NOTES 📌KEY POINTS : 🔹The plasma life of a drug is the time taken for its plasma concentration to be reduced to half of its original value. 👉 Types: Alpha phase: This is due to the distribution of the drug. It is further divided into: Alpha 1 is due to the distribution of the […]
BASIC INTRODUCTION OF PHARMACOLOGY 📌 KEY POINTS: 🔺Essential Drugs:• First Model list by WHO in 1977• First National EDL of India in 1996• Current edition of India is 17th National list of Essential Medicines. It was modified in 2011. It contains 348 drugs 🔺Uppsala Monitoring Centre (Sweden) is the international collaborating centre for Pharmacovigilance.In India […]
TOPIC: AMELOGENESIS, HA CRYSTALS & ENAMEL RODS 🔺Amelogenesis — the process by which enamel, the hardest tissue in the human body, is formed. 🔺The amelogenesis is a tightly regulated, multi-phase process carried out by specialized cells called ameloblasts. This process occurs in two key stages: Secretory Phase – where enamel matrix proteins are laid down. […]
TOPIC: HISTOPHYSIOLOGY & MOLECULAR INSIGHTS 🔍 What is Histophysiology? 🔸It is the study of tissue structure (histology) along with function (physiology). 🔸In tooth development, it refers to how specific cells differentiate, secrete, and organise to form dental tissues. 🔍 Histophysiological Changes in Tooth Development 1. Odontoblast Differentiation 🔹Origin: Dental papilla cells adjacent to Inner Enamel […]
TOPIC: TOOTH DEVELOPMENT & OSTEOGENESIS REVISION NOTES 👉 Tooth development is a highly organized and complex biological process that starts early in embryonic life. It involves a series of reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying ectomesenchyme, leading to the formation of highly specialized structures — our teeth. 👉 We’ll be focusing on: […]
TOPIC: TRIANGLES OF THE NECK – Concise Notes 📌 INTRODUCTION 🔺The neck is divided into triangles for anatomical understanding and surgical reference. 🔺Two main triangles: Anterior triangle Posterior triangle 1. POSTERIOR TRIANGLE ➡️ Boundaries Anterior: Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
TRIGEMINAL & FACIAL NERVE – Concise Lecture Notes TOPIC: TRIGEMINAL & FACIAL NERVE I. TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V) 👉 Type: Mixed nerve (Motor + Sensory) 👉 Largest cranial nerve; Principal sensory nerve of face 1. ORIGIN Four nuclei in the pons: 1 Motor nucleus (pons) 3 Sensory nuclei (mesencephalic, main sensory, spinal) 2. DIVISIONS 👉 […]
QUICK REVISION NOTES 📌 Introduction to Osteology 🔸Osteology is the study of bones, which make up the skeletal system. 🔸The adult human skeleton has 206 bones. 🔸These bones are categorized into two main groups: Axial Skeleton: Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. Appendicular Skeleton: Limbs and girdles.
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