📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔸 Gingival conditions/diseases that mainly involve interdental papilla and gingival margin are gingival abscess, NUG, linear gingival erythema and drug- induced gingival enlargement. 🔸 Gingival ulcers are usually seen in NUG, herpes simplex virus stomatitis, aphthae, self-injury, malignant neoplasms, drugs, dermatoses, systemic diseases (hematological disorders, tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes virus, human immunodeficiency […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells causing the increase in the size of the tissues. 🔹Hyperplasia is an increase in number of cells in a tissue thus, contributing to an overall increase in the size. 🔹Gingival hyperplasia is caused mainly by an increase in the number of local […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹 Systemic diseases associated with neutrophil disorders and periodontal diseases are diabetes mellitus, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, Down syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, drug induced agranulocytosis, cyclic neutropenia and leukocyte adhesion deficiency. 🔹Periodontal diseases with neutrophil disorders areNUG, localized aggressive periodontitis and refractory periodontitis. 🔹Chemokine paralysis: P. gingivalis impedes transepithelial migration of neutrophils and prevent […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Pan-receptor defect: It is the defect in which all chemotaxin receptors are decreased. It is seen in localized aggressive periodontitis which is characterized by a decrease in chemotactic responses to a variety of chemotactic factors, including C5a, FMLP (formyl peptide) and leukotriene B4. 🔹CD, i.e, cluster of differentiation system are the […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔹Reversal phenomenon is the decline from maximal calculus accumulation. It is due to vulnerability of bulky calculus to mechanical wear from food, cheeks, lips and tongue. 🔹Calculus can also occur readily in germ free animals. 🔹Calculocementum is the calculus embedded deeply in the cementum and which appears morphologically similar to cementum. 🔹Calculus […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔺Dental plaque can be defined as the soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable and fixed restorations. 🔺Dental plaque is broadly classified as supragingival,subgingival or peri-implant plaque based on its positionon the tooth and implant surface. 🔺Supragingival […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER ➡️ Main features of AAP 1999 classification system are as follows: 🔹Addition of gingival disease component: Comprehensive section of gingival diseases is included in this classification. 🔹Replacement of adult periodontitis with chronic periodontitis: There is replacement of the term “adult periodontitis” with chronic periodontitis, since epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic periodontitis […]
📌 MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED 📣 Periodontal Health 🔹Beneficial species of the host affect the disease progression by preventing the colonization/proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, e.g. hydrogen peroxide produced by S.sanguinis is lethal to A. actinomycetemcomitans. 🔹Sometimes, these species also degrade the virulence factors produced by the pathogens. ⭐ Following are the beneficial microorganisms: 🔺 S. sanguinis 🔺 […]
📌 GINGIVA🔸It is the part of mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. 🔸A modern definition states that it is the fibrous investing tissue covered by keratinized epithelium that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and the mucosal tissue of the mouth.💡Marginal […]
📌 POINTS TO PONDER 🔸Common age changes in all periodontal tissues: Narrowing of vessel lumen Thickening of vessel walls Loss of cellularity Increasing fibrosis 👉 VARIOUS AGE CHANGES OF PERIODONTIUM Gingiva: Stippling usually disappears with age. The width of the attached gingiva increases with age 🔸Gingival epithelium: Aging results in: Thinning and decreased keratinization Rete […]
